The only way to synchronize the two main branches is to merge them back together, resulting in an extra merge commit and two sets of commits that contain the same changes (the original ones, and the ones from your rebased branch). Needless to say, this is a very confusing situation.
If you want to re-write the entire feature using this method, the git merge-base command can be useful to find the original base of the feature branch. The following returns the commit ID of the original base, which you can then pass to git rebase:
[Howto] Rebase feature branches in Git Github
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This use of interactive rebasing is a great way to introduce git rebase into your workflow, as it only affects local branches. The only thing other developers will see is your finished product, which should be a clean, easy-to-follow feature branch history.
In the Conceptual Overview section, we saw how a feature branch can incorporate upstream changes from main using either git merge or git rebase. Merging is a safe option that preserves the entire history of your repository, while rebasing creates a linear history by moving your feature branch onto the tip of main.
Developers should be aware of a few caveats when they rebase GitHub repositories, especially when they work on a protected branch like master. In this tutorial on how to rebase GitHub, we will clone a repository that has both a master and a feature branch, rebase those branches and demonstrate some of the challenges associated with a push of a rebased GitHub repo to the server.
If developers inspect the master and feature branches, they will notice that master is still missing a few files, while feature has a copy of every single one. If we were to now rebase master onto the develop branch, the master would acquire the missing d.txt and e.txt files. The git rebase command to achieve this is:
Rebasing and merging are both used to integrate changes from one branch into another differently. They are both used in different scenarios. If you need to update a feature branch, always choose to rebase for maintaining the branch history clean. It keeps the commit history out of the branch, contrary to the git merge command, which is its alternative. While, for individuals, rebasing is not recommended in the case of feature branch because when you share it with other developers, the process may create conflicting repositories.Once you need to put the branch changes into master, use merging. If you use merging too liberally, it will mess up git log and make difficult to understand the history. Merging preserves history whereas rebasing rewrites it. If you need to see the history absolutely the same as it happened, then use merge.
With the branches deleted you have cleaned up the repository and your changes now live in the main repository. You should keep in mind that because the changes you made through your pull request are now part of the main repository, they may not be available to the average end user who is downloading public releases. Generally speaking, software maintainers will bundle several new features and fixes together into a single public release.
git rebase is a very powerful feature. That being said, it is risky as well if it is not used in the right way. git rebase alters the commit history, so use it with care. If rebasing is done in the remote repository, then it can create a lot of issues when other developers try to pull the latest code changes from the remote repository. Remember to only run git rebase in a local repository.
In this scenario, I deliberately created a merge conflict (it's harder than you might think!) with two separate feature branches. Both feature branches (I'm calling them section1 and section2) branched off from the same controller branch but got merged back to the controller branch via pull requests at different times. As you might expect, the pull request that got merged first had no issue. But when I tried to merge the second pull request, I got a merge conflict.
Sometimes, you'll want to merge and rebase at the same time and you'll fail due to a merge conflict. You might still be able to perform the regular merge on its own, or you might not. But let's say you insist on doing it with the rebase. What do you do? Once again, we're trying to merge and rebase the feature/add-section2 branch into the controller branch. You can only do this locally. Let's dive in:
Force push your newly rebased feature branch back to remote git push -u origin feature/add-section2 -f. (Warning! Be absolutely certain nobody else has made any new changes to the remote version of your feature branch. The forced push will override those new changes.)
Merge conflicts increase tremendously when you have many people working on separate features and trying to merge back to the same branch. This is where your project manager can help. He or she will likely plan release branches from the controller branch and then break the release branches into smaller feature branches, which in turn can be further subdivided. Good old divide and conquer, I say.
Instead of handling multiple feature branches, a more straightforward method may be to implement feature flags. Employ a feature flag management solution that allows for trunk-based development. This is especially crucial when it comes to early-stage development, when features are often dropped or changed drastically based on feedback. It's worth it for your velocity and developer sanity to have a cleaner way to reduce merge conflicts. Sometimes, resolving merge conflicts can feel like writing the same code twice. Avoid unnecessary complications; create an environment where your developers (and you!) can be more productive. That's it! You are now fully equipped with all the knowledge you'll need to handle those pesky merge conflicts. If you think your colleagues will find this guide useful, do share it with them. They will thank you for it.
If you want to avoid merge commits, you need to ensure all commits are fast-forwards. You do this by making sure your feature branch rebases cleanly onto your line of development before a merge like so:
Checkout and Rebase onto Current (for both remote and local branches) to check out the selected branch and rebase it on top of the branch that is currently checked out. If the remote branch doesn't exist locally, IntelliJ IDEA will silently create a tracked local branch, checkout into it and rebase.
and haven't found a way to make my workflow work. Doing a google search on git workflows mostly returns results that assume that you all work on local branches and don't keep a remote copy on github (e.g. -successful-git-branching-model/).
git push --force is a fact of life when dealing with rebase and remote branches, because git push won't do a non-fast-forward push without it. Most things in git assume that history is only appended to, never edited, and rebase breaks that assumption, so you have to do some pretty wonky things to make it work.
If you're the only person working on a feature or bugfix branch, consider using a rebase to periodically integrate recent main branch work into it. That strategy helps ensure that you stay aware of recent work by others and promptly resolve any merge conflicts that arise. By rebasing, you implement your new feature on top of the most recent main branch work, which helps maintain a linear commit history.
Typically, as you work on a new feature in your local feature branch, you'll create multiple commits. When you're ready to publish the new feature, you might want to consolidate those commits into a single commit to simplify the commit history. You can use an interactive rebase to squash multiple commits into a single commit.
Quite often I find myself in a situation when I need to rebase my local feature branch containing the latest code against the master, but running git rebase master generates a bunch of conflicts that I am expected to fix manually, though I know that my local feature branch has the latest and greatest and I simply want the changes in my feature branch overwrite the corresponding files in master each time such conflict arises. This usually happens when I am the only committer on the project.
The first step retrieves the latest changes from the distant copy of `master` into your local `origin/master` branch. The second one checks out your feature branch. The last one performs the `rebase` so that all your commits are now added on top of the latest changes that happened parallel to your own work. By applying those commands on our very first example, here is what would have happened:
In Git, the term rebase is referred to as the process of moving or combining a sequence of commits to a new base commit. Rebasing is very beneficial and it visualized the process in the environment of a feature branching workflow.
When you made some commits on a feature branch (test branch) and some in the master branch. You can rebase any of these branches. Use the git log command to track the changes (commit history). Checkout to the desired branch you want to rebase. Now perform the rebase command as follows:
It is a most common puzzling question for the git user's that when to use merge command and when to use rebase. Both commands are similar, and both are used to merge the commits made by the different branches of a repository.
When feature-1 is approved, I rebase it off master to prepare for merging. Now, I check my git tree and uh-oh! feature-2 is all busted. It has its commits, plus the feature-1 commits that were just rebased.
We want to rebase feature-1 off of master. This time, though, commit g is no good and we want to omit it. After the rebase, we want feature-1 to be based off of master but only contain commits h and i.
So let us take an example from the diagram below, which shows the status before and after merging of two branches, feature and master branch. Blue commits are on the master branch, and yellow commits are on the feature branch.
Let us take an example if we have a project with 3 commits on the master branch as commit 1,2,3 and feature branch commits as commit A and B. If we perform a git rebase operation then the commits A and B will be rebased on to the master branch as commit 4 and 5 and there will be no logs of the feature branches. This is depicted in Fig 12. 2ff7e9595c
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